January 2009 [Test & Measurement] Program Calibrates VNAs For Lumped-Element Testing Effective calibration is paramount to accurate vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. Since the introduction of the VNA around 1970, a number of different calibration routines have been created for VNAs, based on the types of circuit standards used, such as short-openload- reflect (SOLR) to augment the classic short-open-load-thru (SOLT) calibrations. Both of these types of calibrations have a high dependence on the load model and this report... July 2007 [Computer-Aided Engineering] Understanding P2D Nonlinear Models Measurement-based nonlinear amplifier models ideally predict the performance of a high-frequency amplifier as accurately as possible. A usable nonlinear behavioral model can project the performance of a design under different operating conditions, saving the time and expense of building an amplifier circuit for experimentation. Of course, detailed circuit models often require a transistor model, a package model, and models for the transmission lines, passive elements,... |
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