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  • Jun. 12, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Synthesizer Fits On A Card

    Instruments-on-a-card designs, such as analyzers built into the PXI format, can provide compact building blocks for larger, multifunction systems. The model VMESG frequency synthesizer from Elcom Technologies is such a design, a 1-to-20-GHz source ......More
  • Jun. 6, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Probing RF S-Parameters

    Vector network analyzers (VNAs) are something of an "expensive voltmeter" for the RF/microwave industry. They are invaluable test tools that are used to measure all four S-parameters on active and passive devices, and can use those test results to create ......More
  • Jun. 6, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Marking Mixers For LTE Base Stations

    Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one of those cellular communications technologies that demands high linearity from its base-station componentsespecially its amplifiers and mixers. To address this need, a method has been developed for sorting through mixer ......More
  • Jun. 6, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Is There Life Beyond 60 GHz?

    With the number of wireless applications growing at an almost daily basis, available bandwidth has become an endangered resourceexcept beyond 60 GHz in the millimeter-wave bands. One company that sees this bandwidth as an opportunity is Sage Millimeter, ......More
  • Jun. 6, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Low-Power Mixer Maintains Linearity

    Linearity is a key specification in modern, digitally modulated cellular communications systems. Linearity usually comes at the price of high power consumption, however. To "cheat" that tradeoff, a technique has been demonstrated for a CMOS-based mixer ......More
  • Jun. 6, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Using WLANs At 60 GHz

    Wireless-local-area networks (WLANs) are now a part of almost any "connected" home or office. They usually operate within the industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) frequency bands at 2.45 GHz, but versions are also available for use at 60 GHz. For ......More
  • Jun. 6, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Making The Most Of Multilayer Circuits

    Multilayer printed-circuit boards (PCBs) allow circuit designers to think in three dimensions, stacking circuits in a tight volume rather than stretching it in a planar configuration. The savings in space requires some knowledge of how multilayer ......More
  • May 30, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Amplifier Offers 31-dB Gain Control To 2.4 GHz

    Model DVGA1-242+ is a digitally controlled variable-gain amplifier that operates from 450 to 2400 MHz. It is essentially a high-gain amplifier and digital attenuator in a compact surface-mount package. It features a 31.5-dB gain-control range, adjustable ......More
  • May 30, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Scopes Capture Two 62-GHz Channels

    The 90000X-Series real-time oscilloscopes from Agilent Technologies provide the capability to capture and analyze multiple signals or in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal components at extremely high frequencies. The scopes offer two analog input ......More
  • May 30, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    TCXOs Cut Power But Not Stability

    Frequency stability is critical in many applications, though often at the cost of a current-consuming reference oscillator. But for designs that need to keep the power low, the T72 Series of temperature-compensated crystal oscillators (TCXOs) from ......More
  • May 30, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Modules Meld Multithrow Switches

    Multithrow switches can channel signals to their proper destinations in a design, whether in a commercial communications system or in a military radar. Fortunately, some suppliers offer a variety of different switch configurations in modular formats, so ......More
  • May 30, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Symmetric Switch Controls 6 GHz

    Model RFSW6131 is a GaAs pHEMT single-pole, three-throw (SP3T) switch with a symmetric topology. It is capable of operating from low frequencies to as high as 6 GHz with low insertion loss and high linearity. The switch, which is suitable for cellular ......More
  • May 30, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Picking A Suitable CAE Software Package

    Computer-aided-engineering (CAE) software is essential for any modern microwave design task, unless an engineer has unlimited time to complete the job. More practically, the CAE software is needed for design efficiency and accuracy, but the large number ......More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    SCRLH Resonators Power UWB Divider 1

    The use of tunable resonator circuits can provide selective rejection of unwanted signals within the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range of a two-way power divider....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    TCXOs Tackle Low-Power Needs

    These rugged crystal oscillators provide the stability needed for mobile electronic systems, boasting extremely low current consumption in support of battery operation....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Market Watch

    Over the next five years, the value of RF components in a typical smartphone will grow from $6 to $10. These findings are from Mobile Experts LLC, which recently completed the study, "Handset RF Front Ends: MMPAs, ET, Tuning, FEMs, and ......More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Wireless System Assists Libraries

    Through the use of RFID tags placed in books and a reader mounted in a central counter, this system allows wireless, hands-free check-in and check-out of library books....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Mixer Translates 110 To 170 GHz 1

    These high-performance mixers are designed for use at millimeter-wave frequencies and with a wide range of local-oscillator signals and various amplitude levels....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Montreal Not Ideal For All Exhibitors

    Midway through every year, this industry celebrates its heritage with a big gathering of its leading companies and people. Such a get-together offers the opportunity to see how competitors are faring, to learn about newcomers, and to catch up with old ......More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Scopes Capture 62-GHz Real-Time Bandwidth

    This line of high-speed, real-time oscilloscopes includes models capable of capturing two 62-GHz analog channels or four 33-GHz analog channels with low noise and jitter....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    SIW And CDGS Combine For BPF

    By combining lowpass and highpass filters, it is possible to design and fabricate an extremely compact bandpass filter with relative bandwidth that exceeds 78%....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Software Helps Design Multimode Antenna Feeds

    Satellite-communications (satcom) systems at Ka-band frequencies rely on the precise pointing of multiple narrow antenna beams for effective operation. Accordingly, a group of researchersfrom Canada's MDA Space, Germany's Mician GmbH, and the European ......More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Optimizing PLL Performance Levels Part 2

    Designing a PLL synthesizer for modern mobile communications systems involves achieving the proper balance among a number of tradeoffs, including spurious levels and frequency switching speed....More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Heart-Rate Monitoring Made Simple

    Heart-rate monitoring is popular among runners and other fitness-minded individuals. But having to fuss with awkward chest straps and gels can be bothersome. Utilizing its EPIC sensor technology, Plessey Semiconductors is now attempting to streamline the ......More
  • May 17, 2012
    article
    Microwaves and RF

    Synthesizers Tune Under USB Control

    These compact, low-cost test signal generators can sweep frequencies from 250 to 4000 MHz and power levels across 70-dB dynamic ranges with high frequency and power accuracy....More

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