SIW Filter Screens Narrow Bandwidth

1. The physical configuration of the SIW filter (a) is shown next to (b) the basic filter topology.

The configuration of the proposed dual-mode SIW filter is shown in Fig. 1(a). The filter is constructed by a square SIW cavity, input and output microstrip lines, and two CMVs. The two CMVs perturb the electromagnetic (EM) fields and produce an orthogonal mode.

To design a dual-mode filter, a lowpass prototype of the cross-coupled network is first developed, based on the filter topology. In the case of the current filter design, the configuration is a second-order, cross-coupled filter with source load topology as shown in Fig. 1(b). This type of filter topology is capable of providing an asymmetric pseudo-elliptic response. Circuit synthesis can be used to derive the values of the coupling coefficients between the resonators. Synthesis of such cross-coupled filters with an asymmetric response has been determined previously, as noted in the literature.³ Using filter synthesis and considering the filter topology, the generalized coupling matrices that are obtained are shown by Eq. 1:

Denormalization of the coupling coefficients can be performed through the application of the following formulas³:

where:

k_ij = the normalized coupling coefficient;

Q_e = the external quality factor;

f_r = the center frequency of the filter; and

BW = the absolute bandwidth of the filter.

The input and output coupling values, M_s1 and M_I2, are produced by the input and output microstrip lines. The two CMVs provide the degenerate-mode coupling, M_I2. These coupling viaholes have different radii with a 90-deg. angle difference to produce the desired coupling values for an asymmetric response. The radii of the CMVs—namely, r₁ and r₂, and their distance from the waveguide wall, h—determine the coupling values. Moreover, the dimensions of the square SIW cavity are obtained based on the transverse electromagnetic (TE) modes, TE₂₀₁ and TE₁₀₂, as follows:

where:

e_r = the permittivity;

L_e = the effective length of the square SIW cavity; and

c₀ = the speed of light in a vacuum.

The value of L_e can be obtained from Eq. 4⁵:

where:

d = diameter of the metalized viaholes;

L = the length of the square cavity; and

S = the center-to-center distance between the two adjacent metalized viaholes, as shown in Fig. 1(a).

To demonstrate the effectiveness of this design approach, the proposed dual-model SIW filter was designed using the coupling matrices. It was fabricated on RT/duroid® 5880 circuit material from Rogers Corp. with relative permittivity of 2.2 and substrate width of 0.508 mm. The overall dimensions of the filter, with layout shown in Fig. 1(a), are: L = 20 mm, h = 2 mm, r₁ = 0.3 mm, r₂ = 0.4 mm, S = 1.3 mm, d = 0.4 mm, W₀ = 1.55 mm, W_i = 0.15 mm, and W_t = 1.255 mm.

2. The photograph (a) shows the SIW filter fabricated on commercial circuit-board material, while the S-parameters show measured and simulated S₁₁ and S₂₁ responses.

Figure 2(a) shows the simulated and measured scattering (S) parameters for the proposed filter, with a photograph of the fabricated filter in Fig. 2(b). As can be seen, two transmission zeros are created on the right-hand side of the filter response and the selectivity of the filter has been improved. The fabricated filter has return loss of 15 dB and insertion loss of only 1.8 dB across the filter’s 40-MHz passband bandwidth, which is centered at 11.3 GHz.

3. The simulated S₂₁ responses were generated for different values of CMV radius.

Displacement of the transmission zeros is possible by changing the CMV radii. Figure 3 shows a parametric study of the position of the transmission zeros for different values of CMV radii. Figure 3(a) shows the effects of having the radius of the smaller CMV at a fixed value and the radius of the larger CMV varied. When the difference between the two CMV radii increases, the spacing between the two transmission zeros increases. Figure 4 shows the group delay for the proposed SIW filter. As is apparent from the response curve, the in-band group-delay variation is less than 4 ns for the SIW filter.

4. The group delay shows very little variation within the SIW filter’s passband.

In summary, the proposed second-order, dual-mode SIW filter uses two right-hand transmission zeros to achieve high selectivity. By adjusting the radii of the two CMVs, it is possible to change the position of the two transmission zeros in the filter’s out-of-band response. Comparisons of simulated and measured responses for this experimental filter agree closely, showing that the design is well behaved and predictable.

Ali Frontanpour, Research Engineer

Satellite Communications Group (SCG), Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC), Tehran, Iran; e-mail: [email protected].ALI FOUDAZI,Research Engineer, Satellite Communications Group (SCG), Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC), Tehran, Iran; e-mail: [email protected].

Leila Mohammadi, Faculty Member

Satellite Communications Group (SCG), Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC), Tehran, Iran; e-mail: [email protected].

References

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