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Terahertz Spectroscopy Tracks H2O Vapor Temperatures

April 8, 2016
Measurements of H2O vapor temperature with terahertz spectroscopy can be useful for a number of different industrial applications.

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Terahertz signals and radiation (typically considered from 0.1 to 10.0 THz) may seem beyond the range of practical applications, but such high-frequency energy has many uses for otherwise difficult measurements. For instance, when using the relatively “low” terahertz frequencies from 0.5 to 0.8 THz, terahertz spectroscopy systems can measure water (H2O) vapor temperatures in power plants. Measurements of H2O vapor temperatures in coal-fired power plants and other energy-generating facilities are important for process control and efficient operation, as well as for detecting leaks in cooling water systems.

Researchers at the University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada) teamed with engineers at Betterfrost Technologies (also in Toronto) and Arrow Grand Technologies (Covina, Calif.) to demonstrate high-temperature measurements of the H2O vapor volume mixing ratio (VMR) at three absorption peaks for comparison with computer simulations. They noted that traditional methods for measuring other gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2), fail to measure H2O vapor because it condenses after being cooled down during sample preparation, complicating the measurements. However, the use of terahertz energy and terahertz spectroscopy makes it possible to perform direct measurements of H2O vapor temperatures without sample preparation, and to differentiate those measurements from ambient room-temperature water vapor.

The spectrometer test system includes a tunable continuous-wave (CW) terahertz source and analyzer, gas cell, heating system, and purging system. The spectrometer’s tunable frequency ranges from 0.1 to 1.8 THz with frequency resolution of 100 MHz. Data are collected at a scanning step of 1 GHz. Emitted terahertz waves propagate through the gas cell and are detected by a terahertz receiver. The gas cell is enclosed in an air-tight chamber to eliminate ambient water vapor. See “High-Temperature H2O Vapor Measurement Using Terahertz Spectroscopy for Industrial Furnace Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 1, January 2016, p. 26.

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About the Author

Jack Browne | Technical Contributor

Jack Browne, Technical Contributor, has worked in technical publishing for over 30 years. He managed the content and production of three technical journals while at the American Institute of Physics, including Medical Physics and the Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. He has been a Publisher and Editor for Penton Media, started the firm’s Wireless Symposium & Exhibition trade show in 1993, and currently serves as Technical Contributor for that company's Microwaves & RF magazine. Browne, who holds a BS in Mathematics from City College of New York and BA degrees in English and Philosophy from Fordham University, is a member of the IEEE.

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